Experimental infection of goats by Pasteurella multocida B:2

An experiment was carried out to determine whether goats can be infected by Pasteurella multocida B:2, the causative agent of haemorrhagic septicaemia of cattle and buffaloes. Thirty-six healthy local goats were divided into four groups consisting of nine goats per group. Goats of groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 1ml inoculum containing 109 CFU of live P. multocida B:2. Goats of groups 2 and 4 were not infected, but were exposed to the infected animals by keeping goats of group 2 together with group 1 while group 4 together with group 3. Immediately post-infection, goats in groups 3 and 4 were treated with dexamethasone at the rate of 1mg/kg for three consecutive days. Three goats from each of the four groups were killed on days 7,14 and 21 post-infection. One goat from group 3 died percutely on day 2 post-infection, showing lesions typical ofhaemorrhagic septicaemia. Other two goats from the same group were weak. None of the goats in groups 1, 2 and 4 succumbed to the disease but most exhibited signs of mild respiratory tract infection. Post-mortem examinations revealed that 20 (53 %) goats had mild, acute pneumonia affecting less than 7% of the lung, suggesting that P. multocida B:2 is not a primary pathogen of the respiratory tract. Four (11 %) goats of group 3 had pulmonary oedema and congestion, indicating that dexamethasone enhanced chances of goats being infected by P. multocida B:2. P. multocida was successfully re-isolated from lungs and nasal swabs of goats from all groups, and heart blood of goats from group 3 but not from the lymph nodes and tonsils. The re-isolation of P. multocida B:2 was successfully made for up to 14 days p.i, in groups without dexamethasone but for up to 21 days following dexamethasone treatment. Transmission of P. multocida B:2 to the in-contact goats occurred at a rate of 40%

Crowdfunding Among Event Entrepreneurs: A Conceptual Paper

This paper aims to uncover the benefits of crowdfunding among Event Entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The study reviews literature on the definition, discussion and its revolution related to capital -raising, networking, investment, and crowdfunding among Event Entrepreneurs. The method used for this paper is based on literature reviews from journal articles, conference proceedings, newspaper, books and internet search related to this research area. The conceptual framework is recommended in the end of the paper as it allows reader to understand how the benefits will affects towards crowdfunding among Event Entrepreneurs. Hence, it will provide more research interest in crowdfunding in the future.     Keywords: crowdfunding, event, event crowdfundin

Selection of classification models from repository of model for water quality dataset

This paper proposes a new technique, Model Selection Technique (MST) for selection andranking of models from the repository of models by combining three performance measures(Acc, TPR and TNR). This technique provides weightage to each performance measure to findthe most suitable model from the repository of models. A number of classification modelshave been generated to classify water quality using the most significant features andclassifiers such as J48, JRip and BayesNet. To validate this technique proposed, the waterquality dataset of Kinta River was used in this research. The results demonstrate that theFunction classifier is the optimal model with the most outstanding accuracy of 97.02%, TPR =0.96 and TNR = 0.98. In conclusion, MST is able to find the most relevant model from therepository of models by using weights in classifying the water quality dataset.Keywords: selection of models; water quality; classification model; models repository

In vitro effects of salicylic acid, calcium and copper ions on growth and sporulation of Ganoderma boninense

The in vitro effects of single and combined application of calcium ion (Ca2+), copper ion (Cu2+) and salicylic acid (SA) were evaluated on growth and sporulation of Ganoderma boninense. In poison medium test, T7-(Ca+Cu+SA) showed effective control of G. boninense in-vitro with EC50 and EC90 values of 1500+150+150 ppm and 2000+200+200 ppm, respectively. However, in dipping test, T3-(SA) showed effective control for G. boninense in-vitro with EC50 and EC90 values of 50 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. Interestingly, T7 (Ca+Cu+SA) indicate effective control of G. boninense at low concentration, 500+50+50 pmm as shown by EC90 analysis. Pre treatment of Ganoderma -infected rubber wood block with 500 ppm Ca + 50 ppm Cu + 50 ppm SA reduced the number (20.14%), size (1.20 cm2) and weight of basidiocarp (0.80 g) compared to the control. This was followed by a significant reduction in weight loss of the Ganoderma–infected rubber wood block (41.85%) suggesting the inhibition of the degradative enzymatic activity of the fungus. The mixture of Cu, Ca and SA had potential to suppress growth of G. boninense in vitro.Keywords: Ganoderma boninense, calcium chloride, copper- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), salicylic acid, EC50 and EC9

Anger mood detection based on face recognition and heartbeat

Anger is one of the feeling that showing strong resentment that can be found in facial expressions, body language, physiological responses and at times in public acts of aggression. So, this project has designed to examine the existence of the individual nature of anger using facial expression and heartbeat. The objective of this project is to warn and help people to control their temper. This can prevent the bad effect towards heart rate, blood pressure, levels of adrenaline and noradrenalin and other physical effects. Matlab-Image-processing is used to analyze facial expressions while heartbeat is measured using a heartbeat detector circuit. The Graphic User Interface (GUI) indicates the angry face result while the Liquid Crystal Display states the faster heartbeat when a person is angry

Comparison of Methods for Isolating High Quality DNA and RNA from an Oleaginous Fungus Cunninghamella bainieri Strain 2a1

A number of protocols have been reported for efficient fungal DNA and RNA isolation. However, many of these methods are often designed for certain groups or morphological forms of fungi and, in some cases, are species dependent. In this report, we compared four published protocols for DNA isolation from a locally isolated oleaginous fungus, Cunninghamella bainieri strain 2a1. These protocols either involved the use of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hexacetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or without using PVB or CTAB. For RNA isolation, we tested two published protocols, one of which is based on TRI REAGENT (Molecular Research Center, USA) and another is simple method employing phenol for RNA extraction and LiCl for precipitation. We found that the protocol involving the use of CTAB produced the highest genomic DNA yield with the best quality compared to other protocols. In the presence of CTAB, unwanted polysaccharides were removed and this method yielded an average amount of 816 ± 12.2 µg DNA/g mycelia with UV absorbance ratios A260/280 and A260/230 of 1.67 ± 0.64 and 1.97 ± 0.23, respectively. The genomic DNA isolated via this protocol is also suitable for PCR amplification and restriction enzyme digestion. As for RNA isolation, the method involving phenol extraction and LiCl precipitation produced the highest yield of RNA with an average amount of 372 ± 6.0 µg RNA/g mycelia. The RNA appears to be relatively pure since it has UV absorbance ratios A260/280 and A260/230 of 1.89 ± 2.00 and 1.99 ± 0.03, respectively. Finally, we have demonstrated that this method could produce RNA of sufficient quality for RT-PCR that amplified a 600 bp fragment of ∆12-fatty acid desaturase gene in C. bainieri

Microscopic Evaluation Of The Natural Coral (Porties spp.) Post-implantation In Sheep Femur.

Bone defects resulting from congenital defects, tumor or trauma are conventionally repaired using bone graft. Allogenic and xenogenic bone grafts are used as alternatives but several problems are generally associated with them such as virus transfer, considerable care, high cost and regular immuna-defensive reaction

The Effect of Different Feed Formulation Based on Local Feed Resource on Performance and Stress Parameter in Breeder Goat

Balanced nutrition is essential for health and performance of livestock. It is best when feed is formulated according to production stages of goat. However, as the goat grows, it may undergo transition of different feed formulation to meet its daily requirement. The transition may affect the performance of animals as well as it is a stressful condition. In this study, body weight gain and feed intake were used as indicators on performance, whereas hematological stress leucograms were used as indicator of stress parameter during implementation of different feed formulation among does. Eighteen adult does with similar body condition score and body weight approximately 20 kg were selected and divided into three groups equally (n = 6) and fed with different feed formulations, which were formulated using local feed source in the farm for a period of four weeks. Body weight was measured before implementation, on week 2 and week 4, blood sampling was conducted before implementation and during week 4 for comparison and feed intake was measured every day. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Does fed with Diet 3 showed highest body weight gain and feed intake, followed by Diet 2 and Diet 1. There was significant difference (P0.05) on body weight gain for all groups. Stress parameter on leucocyte counts for Diet 1 showed the highest number as compared to the other groups but no significant difference (P0.05) as compared to normal value. Neutrophils:lymphocytes ratio for all groups were within normal range and no significant difference (P0.05). The implementation of feed formulation according to production stages is recommended as it increases performance and prevents from nutritional stress

Histological changes of liver tissue and serobiochemical relation in does with pregnancy ketosis

Histological changes of liver in does with pregnancy ketosis were characterized. Twenty pregnant does at day 80 of pregnancy were used for this experiment. A total of 10 does were fed by grass (Napier) and goat concentrate with water ad libitum. Those 10 goats considered as healthy pregnant goat, and another 10 goats showing clinical and subclinical signs of ketosis considered as unhealthy pregnant does. Liver biopsies were performed when clinical signs appeared. Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free fatty acid (FFA), and glucose were dosed. Histological preparation revealed similar incidence and intensity of mild liver steatosis with lower cellular vacuolation in hepatocyte presence in healthy late pregnant does. Almost all of the pregnant does with ketosis state (n=8/10) had large amount of small lipid droplets in almost every hepatocyte over the whole liver acinus with higher number of cellular vacuolation, and related with higher BHBA and FFA levels while low in glucose level

Structure integrity analysis on nickel-diamond blade in dicing of hard-brittle ceramic die

Dicing operation in cutting hard-brittle ceramic die using nickel-diamond blade causes cracked or chipped die, accelerated tool wear and, ultimately, shortage of blade lifetime. This study aims to analyse the structural integrity of dicing blade in terms of tool wear, surface roughness, microstructure and elements during dicing. The measurements of wear blade on the blade are made by confocal microscope, whereas surface and elemental analyses are carried out with EDX SEM. Results show that the volumetric wear rate of blade is 20%, similar to roughness. The microstructure of the blade changes with occurrence of Aluminium owing to abrasive wear mechanism during cutting